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Sunday, January 15, 2017
7 Types of Conflict in Literature
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Given the amount of literature in the world, it's inevitable that there will be variations in the types of conflict characters experience. Of course, each type is not mutually exclusive; stories often have overlapping struggles, containing multiple characters and storylines. For example, in Les Misérables, Jean Valjean is in conflict with his society, himself, and another person (Javert)—not to mention the different conflicts other characters experience amongst each other!
Considering the many types of conflict that exist within literature, let's look at seven of the most common, using examples from famous novels to illustrate each type.
Person vs. Person
Conflict that pits one person against another is about as classic as a
story can get. This type of conflict is pretty much self-explanatory,
with one person struggling for victory over another. There are countless
examples of this type of conflict in literature.
In fact, the instances throughout the history of literature are so numerous that mythologist Joseph Campbell wrote The Hero with a Thousand Faces, a book outlining the archetype of a hero going on a journey and overcoming an enemy. The book eventually inspired George Lucas to create the character of Luke Skywalker. Another example, mentioned in the introduction, is the conflict between Javert and Jean Valjean in Les Misérables, who clash due to their conflicting opinions on justice and mercy.
Person vs. Self
In this type of conflict, a character finds him or herself battling
between two competing desires or selves, typically one good and one
evil. You won't get a more obvious example than The Call of the Wild, in which the protagonist (in this case, a dog) is torn between a domesticated self and wild self.
Person vs. Fate/God(s)
This type of conflict occurs when a character is trapped by an
inevitable destiny; freedom and free will often seem impossible in these
stories. You'll find this trope in Greek tragedy: Oedipus is fated to
marry his own mother and Odysseus finds himself sailing throughout the
Mediterranean due to the anger of Poseidon. What can humans do in the
face of the gods and fate? Only endure, it seems.
Person vs. Nature
In this type of conflict, humankind comes up against nature, battling
for survival against its inexorable and apathetic force. The hero may
be forced to confront nature, or the protagonist may be seeking the
conflict, trying to exert dominance over nature.
Probably the most famous example of this type of conflict is Herman Melville's Moby Dick; it tells the story of a man's obsession with overcoming nature—specifically, a whale. A shorter example (and on a slightly smaller scale—smaller boat, smaller fish) is Ernest Hemingway's The Old Man and the Sea.
Person vs. Society
Cue the dystopian genre. The person-against-society conflict follows
the storyline of an individual or a group fighting (sometimes
successfully, sometimes not-so-successfully) against injustices within
their society.
While the characters of George Orwell's Animal Farm are
animals rather than people, it still illustrates a story driven by
rebellion against a society, as the characters struggle against a
corrupt power structure, create a new society, and continue to
experience struggles within the new society.
Person vs. the Unknown/Extraterrestrial
This is a common thread in science fiction and supernatural horror
movies and books. In this type of conflict, the protagonist battles
against an entity that isn't entirely known or comprehensible, whether
it is extraterrestrial or metaphysical. Think of Stephen King's The Shining (or many of King's books, for that matter). On the science fiction side, H.G. Wells' 1898 novel The War of the Worlds is an example of a group (humankind) clashing with an alien race (Martians).
Person vs. Technology/Machinery
The popularity of this genre has risen steadily over the last hundred
years, and in the face of increasing mechanization and improving
artificial intelligence, it's not hard to see why. This type of conflict
focuses on a person or group of people fighting to overcome unemotional
and unsympathetic machinery that believes it no longer requires
humanity.
Arthur C. Clarke's 2001: A Space Odyssey, for example, pits astronaut Dave Bowman against the super-intelligent HAL 9000, which believes Dave's shortcomings as a human being mean he must be forcibly removed from the mission.
Conclusion
Whether you're enjoying literature, analyzing it, or writing it
yourself, knowing these seven types of conflict will help you gain a
greater understanding of what makes a story so compelling. Hopefully, you enjoyed the post. If you have any query, you can contact us or follow us on Facebook, Linkedin or Twitter!
Original source: scribendi.com
Original source: scribendi.com
Friday, December 23, 2016
The reason students use proofreading services
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Proofreading
services by Polished Paper do not involve drastic amounts of editing.
We will not change the whole structure of the student’s work. Instead,
we will read to ensure that everything makes sense. Proofreading
services often nothing more than checking spelling and punctuation. This
helps to ensure that the ‘voice’ of the student is preserved. It is
still the students work, it has just gone through a bit of a spruce up.
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Wednesday, December 21, 2016
7 THINGS ABOUT YOUR PAPER EDITOR YOU SHOULD KNOW
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Thursday, December 15, 2016
The 10 Most Common Grammatical Errors
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Writing is one of the most effective forms of communication—but only
when the proper words are used and grammar rules are followed. While
most people receive a foundational understanding of grammar when they
attend school, even those who are knowledgeable about such things as
writing, editing, and proofreading can make mistakes in their use of
grammar.
This can be attributed to the English language itself, which contains
many irregularities. It is often described as one of the toughest
languages for non-native speakers and writers to learn.
Sometimes, however, the problem is that the writer never received a
proper education in some of the grammar and spelling conventions that
are key to effective communication. Also common is that, given
everything that people have to remember, these rules are simply
forgotten or misapplied.
Whatever the cause, those who have trouble with English grammar are
not alone. In fact, there are certain grammatical errors and misused
words that are extremely common. Knowing these common mistakes is a
great help when you are writing, as you'll know which mistakes you
should try to avoid as you put together your rough draft and revise it.
It is particularly important to know which common errors to keep a careful eye out for as you are editing and proofreading.
Being able to spot and remove these errors allows for clearer
communication and a reduced chance of misunderstandings that can arise
when grammatical errors make the meaning of a text unclear.
Here are 10 of the most common grammatical mistakes to watch out for,
along with some great resources to help you understand and correct
them:
- Among vs. Between: When is it proper to use the preposition among, and when is it correct to use between? This page includes a simple guide to the proper usage of these terms, along with a short quiz to test your understanding.
- Assure vs. Ensure vs. Insure: Although assure, ensure, and insure share similar spellings, the words are far from interchangeable; in fact, their meanings are quite different. This resource provides some succinct information on how to use these words properly that can help make writing and proofreading easier. It also features definitions of many other commonly mixed-up words.
- Commas: It seems that many people make mistakes with commas, either inserting them where they don't belong, failing to use them where they're needed, or stringing too many of them together (making an awkward sentence). Here is a good resource outlining the correct ways to use a comma.
- Complement vs. Compliment: It is possible to pay someone a compliment for how well their shoes complement their wardrobe, but you cannot complement someone on how well their shoes compliment their wardrobe. Clear as mud? This link will help you learn how to distinguish complement and compliment, two words with very similar spellings but very different meanings.
- Farther vs. Further: It is easy to use farther when further is actually the proper word, and vice versa. There's a simple fix, however: use farther when referring to literal distance and further when referring to figurative distance, as this guide to commonly confused words demonstrates.
- It's vs. Its (PDF): The possessive pronoun its is often confused with the contraction it's (which combines it and is). Using these two words correctly is challenging even for native English speakers, and this document helps to clarify the situations in which each word is appropriate.
- Lie vs. Lay: Because lie and lay are irregular verbs with similar sounds and meanings (and lay can actually be a form of lie), they are commonly misused, even by many expert writers and editors. This site gives a good overview of the proper uses of lay and lie, including a breakdown of their principal forms, to help writers and speakers use these verbs properly.
- Modifier Problems: Both dangling modifiers and misplaced modifiers make writing hard to understand. This is because the relationship of the modifying words to the terms they modify is unclear when they are not used properly. Visit this link to learn more about dangling and misplaced modifiers, how they can make your writing unclear, and how to fix them.
- Semicolons: Although a comma and a coordinating conjunction can be used to connect two independent clauses, a simple semicolon will do the trick, as well. This page explains the proper use of semicolons between two independent clauses, as well as the other correct ways to use a semicolon. It also outlines when to use a colon and semicolon, as many people struggle to understand the difference between the two.
- Then vs. Than: Use then to refer to a sequence in time and than to make comparisons. Use this resource to learn an easy way of keeping all of this straight.
If you remain vigilant in avoiding these 10 common grammatical
errors, your writing will become significantly stronger and easier to
understand.
Original source: scribendi.com
Sunday, December 4, 2016
Top 8 Essay Writing Tips by Essay editors
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Essay writing has significant importance in our day-to-day lives. It
helps communicate our thoughts, principles, ideologies, and ideas to
others. Irrespective of the type of essay being written, it is a
reflection of the writer’s creative capability, writing skills, and
vocabulary. Looking at the increased importance of essay writing in
day-to-day life, it has been made compulsory in various academic
activities. With the huge level of competition in academia, it is very
much essential to possess significant writing skills to stay ahead of
peers.
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